By Andrew Zinin – Phys.org
DNA pulled from the dung of African forest elephants has given experts a more accurate—and higher—population estimate for the elusive animal, but the species remains critically endangered, a study showed Thursday.
The new status report shows there were 135,690 African forest elephants in 2024, a 16% increase from the previous figures published in 2016, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
“This report provides the most accurate picture of elusive African forest elephant populations to date,” IUCN Director General Grethel Aguilar said in a statement.
“It shows us that conservation action is working for these iconic animals,” Aguilar said.
The IUCN, however, said the animal remained on its “red list” of threatened species due to poaching and habitat destruction.
“The updated numbers of African forest elephants should not be interpreted as population growth, but rather as the result of improved survey coverage made possible by DNA-based methods,” said Rob Slotow, an African elephant specialist at the IUCN.
The elephants were counted by collecting DNA samples from their feces. The samples act like genetic fingerprints, helping researchers avoid counting the same animal twice.
African forest elephants, which inhabit the dense rainforests of west and central Africa, are smaller than their African savanna elephant cousins.
Two thirds of the population live in Gabon and 20% in Congo-Brazzaville.
Their population fell by 86% between the mid-1980s and 2015, according to the IUCN.Poaching rates have fallen since 2018-2019, but illegal killing for ivory remains a threat, the IUCN said.
The slow reproductive rate of the species has further hampered its recovery.
Poaching rates have fallen since 2018-2019, but illegal killing for ivory remains a threat, the IUCN said.
Expanding mines, road and rail development, and large-scale agricultural projects are also “fragmenting habitat and pushing elephants into shrinking forest areas”, it said.
The elephants are also venturing into nearby farmlands, where they eat and trample crops, putting them in conflict with humans.
“Crop raiding often lowers people’s tolerance for elephants and, unfortunately, can lead to reciprocal killings and political ramifications,” the IUCN said.
The report coincided with the conference of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the global treaty that regulates trade in threatened wildlife.
